Prompts: Write, Clean & Document SQL

In my SQL Server database we have two tables:
- players (id, name, team, country, runs)
- teams (team, team_name, city)
Do the following:
1. Write a query to rank players based on their runs.
2. The result should include player name, team name, runs and their rank.
3. Include comments but avoid commenting on obvious parts.
4. Write three different versions of the query.
5. Evaluate and explain which version is best in terms of readability and performance.

SELECT
    p.name,
    t.team_name,
    p.runs,
    RANK() OVER (ORDER BY p.runs DESC) AS rnk   -- 1 = most runs
FROM players AS p
INNER JOIN teams AS t
    ON p.team = t.team
ORDER BY rnk;

The following SQL Server query is long and hard to understand.
Do the following:
1. Improve its readability.
2. Remove any redundancy in the query and consolidate it.
3. Include comments but avoid commenting on obvious parts.
4. Explain each improvement to understand the reasoning behind it.
[ SQL Query GOES HERE ]

-- before
select p.name,sum(runs) from players p group by p.name

-- after
SELECT
    p.name,
    SUM(p.runs) AS runs
FROM players AS p
GROUP BY p.name;

The following SQL Server query is hard to understand.
Do the following:
1. Restyle the code to make it easier to read.
2. Align column aliases.
3. Keep it compact - do not introduce unnecessary new lines.
4. Ensure the formatting follows best practices.
[ SQL Query GOES HERE ]

The following SQL Server query lacks comments and documentation.
Do the following:
1. Insert a leading comment at the start of the query describing its overall purpose.
2. Add comments only where clarification is necessary, avoiding obvious statements.
3. Create a separate document explaining the business rules implemented by the query.
4. Create another document describing how the query works.
[ SQL Query GOES HERE ]